Publications

Books   /    Journal Publications   /   Conference Publications   /   Patents

Books

[B1] Z.Zhang, Y. -F. Liu, "High Frequency MOSFET Gate Drivers: Technologies and Applications," IET. 2017.

Journal Publications

[J104] B. He, Y. Chen, X. Yu, S. S. Dobakhshari, Y. -F. Liu and P. C. Sen, "Complementary Couple-Turns: An Effective Method for Reducing Common-Mode Noise in Full-Bridge LLC Resonant Converter with Split Primary Winding Transformer," IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, April 2024.

[J103] M. Shepertycky, Y. -F. Liu and Q. Li, "A transition point: Assistance magnitude is a critical parameter when providing assistance during walking with an energy-removing exoskeleton or biomechanical energy harvester," PLoS ONE, Aug. 2023.

[J102] Y. -F. Liu and D. Tan, "A Discussion on Ultra-High Efficiency and Ultra-High Power Density DC-DC Converter Technologies," IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2023.

[J101] M. Forouzesh, Y. -F. Liu and P. C. Sen, "A Line Cycle Synchronous Rectification Strategy Based on Time-Domain Analysis for Single-Stage AC-DC LLC Converters," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 5077-5091, April 2023.

[J100] M. Shepertycky, Y. -F. Liu and Q. Li, "Design and Evaluation of a Load Control System for Biomechanical Energy Harvesters and Energy-Removing Exoskeletons," IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 990-1001, April 2023.

[J99] G. Li, D. Yang, B. Zhou, Y. -F. Liu and H. Zhang, "A Topology-Reconfigurable Fault-Tolerant Two-and-Single Stage AC-DC Converter for High Reliability Applications," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 70, no. 4, pp. 3708-3716, April 2023.

[J98] X. Zhou, L. Wang, Y. Gan, H. Luo, Y. -F. Liu and P. C. Sen, "Accurate Analysis and Design of the Circuit Parameters of LLC DC-DC Converter with Synchronous Rectification," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 37, no. 12, pp. 15051-15065, Dec. 2022.

[J97] G. Li, D. Yang, B. Zhou, Y.-F. Liu and H. Zhang, "Integration of Three-Phase LLC Resonant Converter and Full Bridge Converter for Hybrid Modulated Multi-Outputs Topology," IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 5844-5856, Oct. 2022.

[J96] M. Shepertycky, S. Burton, A. Dickson, Y.-F. Liu and Q. Li, "Removing Energy with an Exoskeleton Reduces the Metabolic Cost of Walking," Science, Vol. 372, No. 6545, May 2021, pp. 957-960.

[J95] X. Zhou, B. Sheng, W. Liu, Y. Chen, L. Wang, Y.-F. Liu and P. C. Sen, "A High-Efficiency High-Power-Density On-Board Low-Voltage DC-DC Converter for Electric Vehicles (EVs) Application," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 36, No. 11, pp. 12781-12794, Nov. 2021.

[J94] S. Webb, T. Liu and Y. -F. Liu, "Zero Inductor-Voltage (ZIV) Multilevel Bus Converter," IEEE Transactions on Power ElectronicsVol. 36, vol. 36, no. 10, pp. 11565-11578, Oct. 2021.

[J93] M. Forouzesh and Y. -F. Liu, "Interleaved LCLC Resonant Converter with Precise Current Balancing Over a Wide Input Voltage Range," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 36, No. 9, pp. 10330-10342, Sept. 2021.

[J92] X. Zhou, Y. Wang, L. Wang, Y. -F. Liu and P. C. Sen, "A Soft-switching Transformerless DC-DC Converter with Single Input Bipolar Symmetric Outputs," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 36, No. 8, pp. 8640-8646, Aug. 2021.

[J91] X. Zhou, X. Duo, Y. Wang, L. Wang, Y. -F. Liu and P. C. Sen, "An Electrolytic Capacitor-Free Half Bridge Class-D Audio Amplifier System Without Bus-Voltage Pumping," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,  Vol. 36, No. 8, pp. 9221-9236, Aug. 2021.

[J90] S. Webb and Y. -F. Liu, "A novel intermediate bus converter topology for cutting edge data center applications," Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 3-14, Dec. 2020.

[J89] R. Y. Sun, S. Webb and Y. -F. Liu, "Flying capacitor design considerations for a 48-to-12 V, 35 a split-phase dickson SC converter," Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 28-41, Dec. 2020.

[J88] P. Fang, S. Webb, Y. Chen, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "A Multiplexing Ripple Cancellation LED Driver with True Single-Stage Power Conversion and Flicker-free Operation," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 34, No. 10, Oct. 2019, pp. 10105-10120

[J87] P. Fang, B. Sheng, S. Webb, Y. Zhang and Y.F. Liu, "LED Driver Achieves Electrolytic Capacitor-Less and Flicker-Free Operation with an Energy Buffer Unit," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 34, No. 7, July 2019, pp 6777-6793. 

[J86] P. Fang, S. Webb, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "Single Stage LED Driver Achieves Electrolytic Capacitor-less and Flicker-free Operation with Unidirectional Current Compensator," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 34, No. 7, July 2019, pp 6760-6776. 

[J85] X. Zhou, J. Xu, S. Zhong and Y.F. Liu, "Soft Switching Symmetric Bipolar Outputs DC-Transformer (DCX) for Eliminating Power Supply Pumping of Half Bridge Class-D Audio Amplifier," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 34, No. 7, July 2019, pp 6440-6455. 

[J84] Y. Chen, H. Wang, Z. Hu, Y.F. Liu, X. Liu, J. Afsharian and Z. Yang, "LCLC Converter with Optimal Capacitor Utilization of Hold Up Mode Operation," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 34, No. 4, March 2019, pp 2385 - 2396

[J83] L. Wang, W. Liu, Y. F. Liu and D. Malcolm, "An Integrated Power Module Based on Power-System-In-Inductor Structure," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 33, No. 9, September 2018, pp 7904-7915.

[J82] L. Jia, L. Srikanth, X. Lin and Y. F. Liu, " New Modeling Method and Design Optimization for a Soft-Switched DC-DC Converter," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 33, No. 7, July 2018, pp 5754-5772.

[J81] Y. Zhang, J. Liu, X. Li, X. Ma, S. Zhou, H. Wang and Y. F. Liu, "An Improved PWM Strategy for Z-Source Inverter With Maximum Boost Capability and Minimum Switching Frequency,IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 33, No. 1, January 2018, pp 606-628.

[J80] H. Wang, Y. Chen, Y. Qiu, P. Fang, Y. Zhang, L. Wang, Y. F. Liu, J. Afsharian and Z. Yang, "Common Capacitor Multiphase LLC Converter With Passive Current Sharing Ability," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 33, No. 1, January 2018, pp 370-387

[J79] H. Wang, Y. Chen, and Y. F. Liu, "A Passive-Impedance-Matching Technology to Achieve Automatic Current Sharing for Multi-Phase Resonant Converter," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 32, No. 12, December 2017, pp. 9191-9209

[J78] L. Jia and Y. F. Liu, "Topology and Control Innovation for Auxiliary Power Supply in Dimmable LED Drivers," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 32,No. 11, November 2017, pp. 8728-8742

[J77] H. Wang, L. Kou, Y. F. Liu, and P. C. Sen, "A New Six-Switch Five-Level Active Neutral Point Clamped Inverter for PV Applications," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 32, No. 9, September 2017, pp. 6700-6715.

[J76] H. Wang, Y. Chen, Y. F. Liu, J. Afsharian, and Z. Yang, "A Passive Current Sharing Method with Common Inductor Multi-Phase LLC Resonant Converter," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 32, No. 9, September 2017, pp. 6994-7010

[J75] Y. Zhang, J. Liu, Z. Dong, H. Wang, Y. F. Liu, "Dynamic Performance Improvement of Diode-capacitor Based High Step-up DC-DC Converter Through Right-half-plane Zero Elimination," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 32, No. 8, August 2017. pp 6532 - 6543

[J74] H. Wang, L. Kou, Y. F. Liu, and P. Sen, "A Seven-Switch Five-Level Active-Neutral-Point-Clamped Converter and Its Optimal Modulation Strategy," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 32, No. 7, July 2017, pp. 5146-5161

[J73] Y. Zhang, J. Liu, Z. Dong, Y. Jia, C. Nie, S. Zhou and Y. F. Liu, "Maximum Boost Control of Diode-Assisted Buck Boost Voltage-Source Inverter with Minimum Switching Frequency," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 32, No. 2, February 2017, pp. 1533-1547.

[J72] J. P. Martin, M. Shepertycky, Y. F. Liu, and Q. Li, "Lower Limb-Driven Energy Harvester: Modeling, Design, and Performance Evaluation." ASME. J. Med. Devices. December 2016; 10(4): 041005.

[J71] H. Wang, Y. Chen, P. Fang, Y. F. Liu, J. Afsharian, and Z. Yang, "An LLC Converter family with Auxiliary Switch for Hold Up Mode Operation," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 32, No. 6, August 2016, pp. 4291-4306

[J70] P. Fang, Y. Qiu, H. Wang, and Y. F. Liu, "A Single Stage Primary Side Controlled Offline Flyback LED Driver with Ripple Cancellation," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 32, No. 6,August 2016, pp. 4700-4715.

[J69] Z. Hu, L. Wang, H. Wang, Y.F. Liu and P. C. Sen, "An Accurate Design Algorithm for LLC Resonant Converters-Part I," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 30, No. 8, August 2016, pp. 5435-5447

[J68] Z. Hu, L. Wang, H. Wang, Y.F. Liu and P. C. Sen, "An Accurate Design Algorithm for LLC Resonant Converters-Part II," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 30, No. 8, August 2016, pp. 5448-5460

[J67] P. Fang and Y. F. Liu, "An Energy Channeling LED Driver Technology to Achieve Flicker-Free Operation with True Single Stage Power Factor Correction," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 32, No. 5, June 2016 pp. 3892-3907

[J66] M. D. Xu and Y. F. Liu, "Editorial Special Issue on Green Power Supplies," IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, June 2016, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 333-334

[J65] Z. Zhang, Y. Y. Cai, Y. Zhang, D. J. Gu, and Y. F. Liu, "A Distributed Architecture Based on Microbank Modules with Self-Reconfiguration Control to Improve the Energy Efficiency in the Battery Energy Storage System," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 31, No. 1, January 2016, pp. 304-317

[J64] L. Wang, Y. Qiu, H. Wang, Z. Hu and Y.F. Liu, "A New Model for Designing Multiwindow Multipermeability Nonlinear LTCC Inductors," IEEE Transcations on Industry Applications, Vol. 51, No. 6, December 2015, pp4677-4687. 

[J63] A. Dickson, S. Burton, M. Shepertycky, Y.F. Liu and Q. Li, "Digitally Controlled Energy Harvesting Power Management System," IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, Vol. 4, No. 1, Oct.2015, pp.303-317.

[J62] B. White, H. Wang, Y.F. Liu and X. Liu, "An Average Current Modulation Method for Single-Stage LED Drivers With High Power Factor and Zero Low-Frequency Current Ripple," IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, Vol. 3, No. 3, September.2015, pp.714-731.

[J61]P. Fang, Y.F. Liu and P. C. Sen, "A Flicker-Free Single-Stage Offline LED Driver With High Power Factor," IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, Vol. 3, No. 3, September.2015, pp.654-665.

[J60] Y. Qiu, L. Wang, H. Wang, Y.F. Liu and P. C. Sen, "Bipolar Ripple Cancellation Method to Achieve Single-Stage Electrolytic-Capacitor-Less High-Power LED Driver," IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, Vol. 3, No. 3, September. 2015, pp.698-703.      

[J59] Z. Hu, Y.F. Liu and P. C. Sen, "Bang-Bang Charge Control for LLC Resonant Converters," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 30, No. 2, February 2015. pp. 1093-1108.

[J58] Z. Hu, Y. Qiu, Y.F. Liu and P.C.Sen, "A Control Strategy and Design Method for Interleaved LLC Converters Operating at Variable Switching Frequency,IEEE Trans. Power Electron. Vol. 29, No. 8, August 2014. pp. 4426-4437.

[J57] Z. Zhang, F.F Li, Y.F. Liu, , "A High Frequecy Dual-Channel Isolated Resonant Gate Driver with Low Gate Drive Loss for ZVS Full-Bridge Converters," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 29,No. 6, June 2014.pp.3077 - 3090.

[J56] Z. Hu, Y. Qiu, L. Wang and Y.F. Liu, "An Interleaved LLC Resonant Converter Operating at Constant Switching Frequency,"IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 29, No. 6, June. 2014. pp.2931-2943.

[J55] Z. Hu, Y.F. Liu, T.H. Yeap and L. Ge, "A Communication Protocol with Data Compression for Isolated Digital Power Supplies," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 29, No. 4, April 2014. pp. 2109-2123.

[J54] D. Wang, Y.F. Liu, "A Zero-Crossing Noise Filter for Driving Synchronous Rectifiers of LLC Resonant Converter," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 29, No. 4, April 2014. pp. 1953-1965.

[J53] Z. Zhang, C. Xu, Y.F. Liu, "A Digital Adaptive Discontinuous Current Source Driver for High Frequency Interleaved Boost PFC Converters," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 29, No. 3, March 2014. pp. 1298-1310

[J52] Z. Zhang, X.F. He and Y.F. Liu, "An Optimal Control Method for Photovoltaic Grid-Tied-Interleaved Flyback Microinverters to Achieve High Efficiency in Wide Load Range," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 28, No. 11, Nov. 2013. pp. 5074-5087

[J51] W. Fang, X.D. Liu and Y.F. Liu, "An New Digital Control Algorithm for Dual-Transistor Forward Converter" IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 9, No. 4, Nov. 2013. pp. 2074-2081

[J50] L. Wang, Z. Hu, Y.F. Liu, Y. Pei and X. Yang, "Multipermeability Inductors for Increasing the Inductance and Improving the Efficiency of High-Frequency Converters," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 28, No. 9, Sept. 2013. pp. 4402-4413

[J49] L. Wang, Z. Hu and Y.F. Liu, Y. Pei, X. Yang, Z. Wang, "A Horizontal-Winding Multipermeability LTCC Inductor for a Low-profile Hybrid DC/DC Converter," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 28, No. 9, Sept. 2013. pp. 4365-4375.

[J48] Z. Zhang, P. Xu and Y.F. Liu, "Adaptive Continuous Current Source Drivers for 1-MHz Boost PFC Converters," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 28, No. 5, May. 2013, pp. 2457-2467

[J47] L. Jia and Y.F. Liu, "Low Cost Microcontroller Based Implementation of Robust Voltage Based Capacitor Charge Balance Control Algorithm,"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, Vol. 9, No. 2, May 2013. pp. 869-879

[J46] L. Jia, Z. Hu, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "Predictable Auxiliary Switching Strategy to Improve Unloading Transient Response Performance for DC-DC Buck Converter," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Applications, Vol. 49, No. 2, March/April 2013. pp. 931-941

[J45] L. Jia and Y.F. Liu, "Voltage-Based Charge Balance Controller Suitable for Both Digital and Analog Implementation," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 28, No. 2, Feb. 2013, pp. 930-944

[J44] E. Meyer and Y.F. Liu, "Digital Charge Balance Controller With an Auxiliary Circuit for Improved Unloading Transient Performance of Buck Converters," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 28, No. 1, Jan. 2013, pp. 357-370

[J43] A. Elnady, Y.F. Liu, "A Practical Solution for the Current and Voltage Fluctuation in Power Systems", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 27, No. 3, July 2012. pp. 1339-1349.

[J42] Z. Zhang, J. Fu, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "Adaptive Current Source Drivers for Efficiency Optimization of High-Frequency Synchronous Buck Converters," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 27, No. 5, May. 2012, pp. 2462-2470

[J41] E. Meyer, Z. Zhang and Y.F. Liu, "Digital Charge Balance Controller to Improve the Loading/Unloading Transient Response of Buck Converters," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 27, No. 3, March. 2012, pp. 1314-1326

[J40] J. Fu, Z. Zhang, Y.F. Liu, P.C. Sen and L.S. Ge, "A New High Efficiency Current Source Driver With Bipolar Gate Voltage," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics , Vol. 27, No. 2, Feb. 2012, pp. 985-997

[J39] J. Fu, Z. Zhang, Y.F. Liu and P.C.Sen, "MOSFET Switching Loss Model and Optimal Design of Current Source Driver Considering the Current Diversion Problem," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 27, No. 2, Feb. 2012, pp. 998-1012

[J38] Z. Zhang, J. Fu, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "Switching Loss Analysis Considering Parasitic Loop Industance With Current Source Drivers for Buck Converters," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 26, No. 7, July. 2011, pp. 1815-1819.

[J37] Z. Zhang, E. Meyer, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "A Nonisolated ZVS Self-Driven Current Tripler Topology for Low-Voltage and High-Current Applications," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 26, No. 2, Feb. 2011, pp. 512-522.

[J36] Z. Zhang, J. Fu, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "Discontinuous-Current-Source Drivers for High-Frequency Power MOSFETs," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 25, No. 7, July. 2010, pp. 1863-1876.

[J35] E. Meyer, Z. Zhang and Y.F. Liu, "Controlled Auxiliary Circuit to Improve the Unloading Transient Response of Buck Converters," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 25, No. 4, Apr. 2010, pp. 806-819.

[J34] Z. Zhang, E. Meyer, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "A 1-MHz, 12-V ZVS Nonisolated Full-Bridge VRM With Gate Energy Recovery," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 25, No. 3, Mar. 2010, pp. 624-636

[J33] Y. F. Liu, E. Meyer, X. Liu, "Recent Developments in Digital Control Strategies for DC/DC Switching Power Converters,invited paper, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 24, No. 11, Nov 2009, pp.2567-2577

[J32] Y. F. Liu and W. Eberle, "Recent Developments in Switching Mode Power Supply Technologies,"invited paper, IEEE Canadian Review, Fall 2009, pp. 9-13

[J31] Z. Zhang, W. Eberle, P.C. Sen and Y.F. Liu, "A Nonisolated ZVS Asymmetrical Buck Voltage Regulator Module With Direct Energy Transfer," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 56, No. 8, August 2009, pp. 3096-3105.

[J30] W. Eberle, Z. Zhang, Y.F. Liu, P.C. Sen, "A Practical Switching Loss Model for Buck Voltage Regulators", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 24, No. 3, Mar. 2009, pp. 700-713

[J29] G. Feng, E. Meyer, Y.F. Liu, "A Digital Two-Switching-Cycle Compensation Algorithm for Input-Voltage Transients in DC-to-DC Converters", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 24, No. 1, Jan. 2009, pp. 181-191

[J28] Z. Zhang, W. Eberle, P. Lin, Y.F. Liu, P.C. Sen, "A 1-MHz High-Efficiency 12-V Buck Voltage Regulator With a New Current-Source Gate Driver", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 23, No. 6, Nov. 2008, pp. 2817-2827.

[J27] S. Ye, E. Meyer and Y.F. Liu, "A Novel Two Phase Nonisolated Full Bridge With Shared Primary Switches", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 23, No. 5, Sept. 2008, pp. 2363-2376.

[J26] E. Meyer, Z. Zhang and Y.F. Liu, "An Optimal Control Method for Buck Converters Using a Practical Capacitor Charge Balance Technique", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 23, No. 4, July 2008, pp. 1802-1812.

[J25] W. Eberle, P.C. Sen and Y.F. Liu, "A New Resonant Gate Drive Circuit with Efficient Energy Recovery and Low Conduction Loss", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 55, No. 5, May 2008, pp. 2213-2221.

[J24] Z. Yang, S. Ye, and Y.F. Liu, "A New Dual Channel Resonant Gate Drive Circuit for Low Gate Drive Loss and Low Switching Loss", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 23, No. 3, May 2008, pp. 1574-1583.

[J23] A. Elnady, A. Noureldin and Y.F. Liu, "Power-Quality Improvement Using Wiener Filters Based On a Modular Compensating Strategy", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 23, No. 2, April 2008, pp. 841-849.

[J22] W. Eberle, Z. Zhang, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "A Current Source Gate Driver Achieving Switching Loss Savings and Gate Energy Recovery at 1-MHz," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 23, No. 2, Mar. 2008, pp. 678-691.

[J21] Z. Zhang, W. Eberle, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "Optimal Design of a Resonant Gate Driver for Buck Converter Based on a New Analytical Loss Model," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 23, No. 2, Mar. 2008, pp. 653-666.

[J20] Y. Han and Y.F. Liu, "A Practical Transformer Core Loss Measurement Scheme for High-Frequency Power Converter", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 55, No. 2, Feb. 2008, pp. 941-948.

[J19] S. Ye, W. Eberle and Y.F. Liu, "A Novel Non-Isolated Full Bridge Topology for VRM Applications", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 23, No. 1, Jan. 2008, pp. 427-437

[J18] A. Perry, G. Feng, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "A Design Method for PI-Like Fuzzy Logic controllers for DC-DC Converter", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 54, No. 5, Oct. 2007, pp. 2688-2696

[J17] Y. Han, W. Eberle and Y.F. Liu, "A Practical Copper Loss Measurement Method for the Planar Transformer in High-Frequency Switching Converters", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 54, No. 4, August 2007, pp. 2276-2287

[J16] G. Feng, E. Meyer, and Y.F. Liu, "A New Digital Control Algorithm to Achieve Optimal Dynamic Performance in DC-to-DC Converters", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, July 2007, Volume 22, Number 4, pp. 1489-1498

[J15] Z. Yang, S. Ye, and Y.F. Liu, "A New Resonant Gate Drive Circuit for Synchronous Buck Converter", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, July 2007, Volume 22, Number 4, pp. 1311-1320

[J14] W. Zhang, Y.F. Liu, and B. Wu, "A New Duty Cycle Control Strategy for Power Factor Correction and FPGA Implementation", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Nov 2006, Volume 21, Number 6, pp. 1745-1753

[J13] W. Zhang, Y.F. Liu, and B. Wu, "New Digital Control Method for Power Factor Correction", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, June 2006, Volume 53, Number 3, pp. 987-990

[J12] W. Zhang, G. Feng, Y.F. Liu, and B. Wu, "A Digital Power Factor Correction (PFC) Control Strategy Optimized for DSP", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Nov 2004, Volume 19, Number 6, pp. 1474-1486.

[J11] G. Feng, Y.F. Liu and L. Huang, "A New Robust Algorithm to Improve the Dynamic Performance on the Speed Control of Induction Motor Drive", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, November 2004, Vol.19, No.6, pp. 1614-1627

[J10] S. Ye, W. Eberle and Y.F. Liu, "A Novel EMI Filter Design Method for Switching Power Supplies", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Nov 2004, Volume 19, No. 6, pp. 1668-1678

[J9] Y. Xi, P. Jain, Y.F. Liu and R. Orr, "A Self Core Reset and Zero Voltage Switching Forward Converter Topology", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol.15, No.6, November 2000, pp. 1192-1203.

[J8] G. Moschopoulos, P. Jain, Y.F. Liu and G. Joos, "A Zero-Voltage Switched PWM Boost Converter with an Energy Feedforward Auxiliary Circuit", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 14, No. 4, July 1999, pp. 653-662.

[J7] Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "New Class-E DC-DC Converter Topologies with Constant Switching Frequency", IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol.32, No.4, July/August 1996, pp. 961-969.

[J6] Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "Large Signal Modeling of Hysteretic Current-Programmed Converters", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol.11, No.3, May 1996, pp.423-430.

[J5] Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "Source Reactance Lossless Switch (SRLS) for Soft-Switching Converters with Constant Switching Frequency", IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, Vol.43, No.4, April 1996, pp. 301-312

[J4] Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "A Novel Resonant Converter Topology for DC-to-DC Power Supply", IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol.31, No.4, October 1995, pp. 1301-1313

[J3] Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "A Novel Method to Achieve Zero-Voltage Regulation in Buck Converter", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol.10, No.3, May 1995, pp. 292-301

[J2] Y.F. Liu, P.C. Sen and S. Huang, "Function Control - A Novel Strategy to Achieve Improved Performance of the DC-to-DC Switching Regulators", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol.42, No.2, April 1995, pp. 186-191

[J1] Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "A General Unified Large-Signal Model for Current Programmed DC-to-DC Converters", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol.9, No.4, July 1994, pp. 414-424

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Conference Papers

[C193] B. He, Y. Chen, X. Yu and Y. -F. Liu, "Common-Mode Noise Reduction in Full-Bridge LLC Resonant Converter with Split Primary Winding Transformer," in IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), 2024, pp. 2522-2529.

[C192] M. Forouzesh, Y. -F. Liu and P. C. Sen, "An Instantaneous Power Balancing Control With Power Factor Correction for Single-Stage Three-Phase AC-DC Converters," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Detroit, MI, USA, 2022, pp. 1-8.

[C191] M. Forouzesh, Y. -F. Liu and P. C. Sen, "A Reconfigurable Single-Stage Three-Phase Electric Vehicle DC Fast Charger Compatible With Both 400V and 800V Automotive Battery Packs," in IEEE European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'22 ECCE Europe), 2022, pp. 1-11.

[C190] M. Forouzesh, Y. -F. Liu and P. C. Sen, "Efficiency Improvement of Single-Stage AC-DC LLC Converter Using a Line Cycle Synchronous Rectifier (SR) Driving Strategy," in IEEE European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'22 ECCE Europe), 2022, pp. P.1-P.10.

[C189] Y. Chen, B. He, W. Liu, B. Sheng, Y. -F. Liu and P. C. Sen, "Power Cycle Modulation Control of LLC Resonant Converters for Wide Voltage Gain Range Applications," in IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), 2022, pp. 1780-1786.

[C188] M. Forouzesh, Y. -F. Liu and P. C. Sen, "A Novel Soft-Switched Three-Phase Three-Wire Isolated AC-DC Converter With Power Factor Correction," in IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), 2022, pp. 887-894.

[C187] B. He, Y. Chen, W. Liu, B. Sheng, Y. -F. Liu and P. C. Sen, "Investigation and Reduction of Common Mode Current in Center-Tapped Transformer of LLC Resonant Converters," in IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), 2022, pp. 1686-1691.

[C187] M. Forouzesh, Y. -F. Liu and P. C. Sen, "Implementation of an Isolated Phase-Modular-Designed Three-Phase PFC Rectifier Based on Single-Stage LLC Converter," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 2021, pp. 2266-2273.

[C186] R. Sun, S. Webb, Y. -F. Liu and P. C. Sen, "Optimization and Design of a 48-to-12 V, 35 A Split-Phase Dickson Switched-Capacitor Converter," in IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), 2021, pp. 1900-1907.

[C185] M. Forouzesh, B. Sheng, Y. Chen and Y. -F. Liu, "Current Sharing Analysis of Interleaved LCLC Resonant Converter," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Detroit, MI, USA, 2020, pp. 5422-5429.

[C184] W. Liu, A. Yurek, B. Sheng, Y. Chen, Y. -F. Liu and P. C. Sen, "A Single Stage 1.65kW AC-DC LLC Converter with Power Factor Correction (PFC) for On-Board Charger (OBC) Application," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Detroit, MI, USA, 2020, pp. 4594-4601.

[C183] Y. Chen, W. Liu, A. Yurek, X. Zhou, B. Sheng and Y. -F. Liu, "Design and Optimization of A High Power Density Low Voltage DC-DC Converter for Electric Vehicles," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Detroit, MI, USA, 2020, pp. 1244-1251.

[C182] S. Webb and Y. -F. Liu, "A 12 Switch Zero-Inductor Voltage Converter Topology For Next Generation Datacenters," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Detroit, MI, USA, 2020, pp. 143-150.

[C181] S. Webb and Y. -F. Liu, "A Quasi Output Voltage Regulation Technique for the Zero InductorVoltage Converter," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Detroit, MI, USA, 2020, pp. 930-937.

[C180] B. Sheng, X. Zhou, W. Liu, Y. Chen, Y. -F. Liu and P. C. Sen, "Analysis and Control of Three-Phase Interleaved SCC-LLC Resonant Converter Load Sharing Considering Component Tolerance," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Detroit, MI, USA, 2020, pp. 385-392.

[C179] M. Forouzesh, B. Sheng and Y. Liu, "Interleaved SCC-LCLC Converter with TO-220 GaN HEMTs and Accurate Current Sharing for Wide Operating Range in Data Center Application," in IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), New Orleans, LA, USA, 2020, pp. 482-489.

[C178] S. Webb and Y. Liu, "A Zero Inductor-Voltage 48 V to 12V/70A Converter for Gata Centers with 99.1% Peak Efficiency and 2.5kW/in3 Power Density," in IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), New Orleans, LA, USA, 2020, pp. 1858-1865.

[C177] B. Sheng, X. Zhou, W. Liu, A. Yurek, Y. Chen, Y.F. Liu, P. C. Sen, "Adaptive Hysteresis Comparison Control of Load Sharing for Three-Phase Interleaved SCC-LLC Converter," in IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), New Orleans, LA, USA, 2020, pp. 3060-3067.

[C176] X. Zhou, B. Sheng, W. Liu, Y. Chen, A. Yurek, Y.F. Liu, P. C. Sen and K. L. V. Iyer, "A High Efficiency High Power-Density LLC DC-DC Converter for Electric Vehicles (EVs) On-Board Low Voltage DC-DC Converter (LDC) Application," in IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), New Orleans, LA, USA, 2020, pp. 1339-1346.

[C175] F. Poloei, A. Akbari and Y. Liu, "A Moving Window Least Mean Square Approach to State of Charge Estimation for Lithium Ion Batteries," in 1st Global Power, Energy and Communication Conference (GPECOM), Nevsehir, Turkey, 2019, pp. 398-402.

[C174] P. Fang, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "A Multiplexing Off-Line LED Driver Achieves High Power Factor and Flicker-Free Operation," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2019, Baltimore, MD, USA, Sept 2019, pp. 1148-1154.

[C173] X. Zhou, B. Sheng, W. Liu, Y. Chen, A. Yurek, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "Analysis and Design of SR Driver Circuit for LLC DC-DC Converter Under High Load Current Application," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2019, Baltimore, MD, USA, Sept 2019, pp. 1375-1381.

[C172] W. Liu, A. Yurek. Y. Chen. B. Sheng, X. Zhou and Y.F. Liu, "A High Power Density Thermal Managment Approach Using Multi-PCB Distributed Cooling (MPDC) Structure," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2019, Baltimore, MD, USA, Sept 2019, pp. 4181-4188.

[C171] S. Webb, T. Liu and Y.F. Liu, "A Comparison of Multilevel "Zero Inductor-Voltage" Converters for Data Center Applications," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2019, Baltimore, MD, USA, Sept 2019, pp. 89-96.

[C170] A. Yurek, W. Liu and Y. Liu, "Thermal Analysis of Power Module Packaging Using Power-System-in-Inductor (PSI2) Technology," in IEEE Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL), Toronto, ON, Canada, 2019, pp. 1-8.

[C169] A. Yurek, W. Liu, Y. Chen, B. Sheng, X. Zhou and Y. Liu, "A Novel Integrated Multi-Layer Cooling (IMLC) Structure for High Power Density Applications," in IEEE Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL), Toronto, ON, Canada, 2019, pp. 1-7.

[C168] P. Fang, Y. Liu and P. C. Sen, "A Multiplexing Ripple Cancellation LED Driver with True Single-Stage Power Conversion and Flicker-free Operation," in IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), Anaheim, CA, USA, 2019, pp. 3414-3420.

[C167] A. Yurek, W. Liu and Y. Liu, "An In-Depth Analysis of Power-System-in-Inductor (PSI2) Technology for Power Module Packaging," in IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), Anaheim, CA, USA, 2019, pp. 2794-2801.

[C166] S. Webb and Y. Liu, "12 Switch Zero-Inductor Voltage Converter Topology," in IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), Anaheim, CA, USA, 2019, pp. 2189-2196.

[C165] S. Webb, T. Liu and Y. Liu, "A Two-Phase Zero-Inductor Voltage Converter for Datacenter and Server Applications," in IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), Anaheim, CA, USA, 2019, pp. 2255-2262.

[C164] Y. Chen and Y.F. Liu, "Power Adapter with Line Voltage Control for USB Power Delivery," in IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), Anaheim, CA, USA, 2019, pp. 2054-2060.

[C163] B. Sheng, Y. Chen, H. Wang, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "High Efficiency Wide Input Voltage Range LCLC Resonant Converter using Nonlinear Frequency Controllers," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2018, Portland, Oregon, USA, Sept 2018, pp. 1435-1441

[C162] P. Fang, B. Sheng, Y.F. Liu and Y. Zhang, "LED Driver Achieves Electrolytic Capacitor-Less and Flicker-Free Operation with an Energy Buffer Unit," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2018, Portland, Oregon, USA, Sept 2018, pp. 5109-5116

[C161] P. Fang, B. Sheng, W. Liu, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "Parallel Energy Buffering LED Driver Achieves Electrolytic Capacitor-Less and Flicker-Free Operation," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2018, Portland, Oregon, USA, Sept 2018, pp. 5117-5124

[C160] S. Webb, T. Liu and Y.F. Liu, "Zero inductor voltage multilevel bus converter," in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2018, San Antonio, Texas, USA, March 2018, pp. 2175-2182

[C159] Y. Qiu, W. Liu, P. Fang, Y.F. Liu and P. C. Sen, "A mathematical guideline for designing an AC-DC LLC converter with PFC," in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2018, San Antonio, Texas, USA, March 2018, pp. 2001-2008

[C158] Y. Chen, H. Wang, Y.F. Liu and S. Liu, "Line power extension method for capacitor reduction for AC-DC application," in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2018, San Antonio, Texas, USA, March 2018, pp. 2070-2076

[C157] Y. Chen, H. Wang, Y.F. Liu, P. C. Sen and X. Liu, "Improving SRC with capacitor bypassing method for universal AC-DC adapter," in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2018San Antonio, Texas, USA, March 2018, pp. 746-753

[C156] H. Wang, Y. Chen,B. Sheng, Y.F. Liu and P. C. Sen, "Two-phase three-dimension common inductor LLC resonant converter with automatic current sharing," in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2018San Antonio, Texas, USA, March 2018, pp. 3575-3582

[C155] H. Wang, Y. Chen, Y.F. Liu and P. C. Sen, "A general multi-phase coupled-resonant-tank resonant converter," in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2018San Antonio, Texas, USA, March 2018, pp. 2183-2190

[C154] W. Liu, L. Wang and Y.F. Liu, "A power converter integration approach with a multi-functional heat sink shaped inductor," in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2018San Antonio, Texas, USA, March 2018, pp. 1249-1255

[C153] Y. Zhang, W. Liu, L. Kou, Y.F. Liu and C. Keimel, "Design of a high power MEMS relay with zero voltage switching and isolated power and signal transfer," in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2018San Antonio, Texas, USA, March 2018, pp. 1974-1980.

[C152] F. Poloei, A. Bakhshai and Y. Liu, "A novel online adaptive fast simple state of charge estimation for Lithium Ion batteries," in IEEE 6th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA), San Diego, CA, 2017, pp. 914-918.

[C151] H. Wang, Y. Chen, Y. F. Liu, Z. Yang, J. Afsharian and B. Gong, "LLC Resonant Converter with Shared Power Switches and Dual Coupled Resonant Tanks to Achieve Automatic Current Sharing" in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2017, Cincinati,Ohio, USA, Oct 2017, pp. 5712-5719.

[C150] W. Liu, L. Wang, S. Webb, Y. F. Liu and D. Malcolm, "A Modified Equivalent Circuit Based ElectroThermal Model for Integrated POL Power Modules," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2017, Cincinati,Ohio, USA, Oct 2017, pp. 1366-1373

[C149] Y. Chen, H. Wang and Y.F. Liu, "Improved Hybrid Rectifier for 1-MHz LLC-Based Universal AC-DC Adapter," in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2017, Tampa, Florida, USA, March 2017, pp. 23-30

[C148] L. Kou, H. Wang, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "DC-Link Capacitor Voltage Balancing Technique for Phase-Shifted PWM-Based Seven-Switch Five-Level ANPC Inverter," in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2017, Tampa, Florida, USA, March 2017, pp. 671-678

[C147] Y. Zhang, X. Li, Z. Dong, Y.F. Liu and J. Liu, "High Step-up Isolated DC-DC Converter with Multicell Diode-capacitor Network," in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2017, Tampa, Florida, USA, March 2017, pp.114 - 120

[C146] Y. Zhang, X. Li, Z. Miu, K. Kudanam, Y.F. Liu and J. Liu, "High Step-Up Full Bridge DC-DC Converter with Multi-Cell Diode-Capacitor Network," in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2017, Tampa, Florida, USA, March 2017, pp.157 - 163

[C145] W. Liu, L. Wang, Y.F. Liu and D. Malcolm, "A 3D Stacked Step-Down Integrated Power Converter," in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2017, Tampa, Florida, USA, March 2017, pp. 890- 897

[C144] W. Liu, L. Wang, Y.F. Liu and D. Malcolm, "A Novel Equivalent Circuit Thermal Model for Integrated Power Modules," in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2017, Tampa, Florida, USA, March 2017, pp. 3106 - 3113

[C143] L. Kou, H. Wang, Y. F. Liu, P.C. Sen and Y. Zhang, "Modulation Method for Single-Phase Six-Switch Five-Level ANPC Inverter," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2016, Milwakee,Wisconsin, USA, Sept 2016, pp. 1-8.

[C142] Y. Zhang, Z. Dong, J. Liu and Y.F. Liu, "Unified Model of High Step-up DC-DC Converterwith Multi-cell Diode-Capacitor/Inductor Network," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2016, Milwakee,Wisconsin, USA, Sept 2016, pp. 1-8.

[C141] Y. Chen, H. Wang, Z. Hu, Y.F. Liu, J. Afsharian and Z. Yang, "Efficiency-wise Optimal Design Methodology of LCLC Converter for Wide Input Voltage Range Applications," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2016, Milwakee,Wisconsin, USA, Sept 2016, pp. 1-8

[C140] H. Wang, Y. Chen, Y. F. Liu, and S. Liu, "Automatic current-sharing method for multi-phase LLC resonant converter," in 2016 IEEE 8th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IPEMC-ECCE Asia) 2016, Hefei, Anhui, China, May 2016, pp. 3198-3205

[C139] Y. Chen, H. Wang, Y.F. Liu, J. Afsharian and Z. Yang, "LLC Converter with Auxiliary Switch for Hold Up Mode Operation," in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2016, Long Beach, California, USA, March 2016, pp.2312-2319

[C138] H. Gui, Z. Zhang, D. Gu, Y. Yang, Z. Lu and Y.F. Liu, "A Hierarchical Active Balancing Architecturefor Li-ion Batteries," in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2016, Long Beach, California, USA, March 2016, pp.1243-1248

[C137] L. Wang, Y.F. Liu and D. Malcolm, "An Innovative Power Module with Power-SystemIn-Inductor Structure," in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2016, Long Beach, California, USA, March 2016, pp.2087-2094

[C136] H. Wang, Y. Chen and Y.F. Liu, "A Passive-Impedance-Matching Concept for Multiphase Resonant Converter," in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2016, Long Beach, California, USA, March 2016, pp.2304-2311

[C135] H. Wang, Y. Chen, Z. Hu, L. Wang, T. Liu, W. Liu, Y.F. Liu, J. Afsharian and Z. Yang, "An Algorithm to Analyze Circulating Current for MultiPhase Resonant Converter," in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2016, Long Beach, California, USA, March 2016, pp.899-906

[C134] H. Wang, L. Kou, Y.F. Liu, P. C. Sen and S. Liu, "New Low-Cost Five-Level Active Neutral-Point Clamped Converter," in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2016, Long Beach, California, USA, March 2016, pp.1489-1496

[C133] H. Wang, L. Kou, Y.F. Liu, P. C. Sen and S. Liu, "Seven-Switch Five-Level Active Neutral-Point Clamped Converter and Optimal Modulation Strategy," in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2016, Long Beach, California, USA, March 2016, pp.2278-2285

[C132] H. Wang, Y. Chen, Z. Hu, L. Wang, Y. Qiu, W. Liu, Y.F. Liu, J. Afsharian and Z. Yang, "A Common Capacitor Multi-Phase LLC Resonant Converter," in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2016, Long Beach, California, USA, March 2016, pp.2320-2327

[C131] L. Wang, W. Liu, Y.F. Liu and D. Malcolm, "Thermal Analysis of a Magnetic Packaged Power Module," in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2016, Long Beach, California, USA, March 2016, pp.2095-2102

[C130] Y. Qiu, H. Wang, L. Wang, Y.F. Liu and P. C. Sen, "Current-Ripple-Based Control Strategy to Achieve Low-Frequency Ripple Cancellation in Single-Stage High-Power LED Driver," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2015, Montreal,Quebec, Canada, Sept 2015, pp. 5316-5322

[C129] B. White, H. Wang, Y.F. Liu, "An Average Current Modulation Method for Single Stage LED Drivers with High Power Factor and Zero Low Frequency Current Ripple," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2015, Montreal,Quebec, Canada, Sept 2015, pp. 3247-3252

[C128] S. Liu, X. Liu, Y.F. Liu, "Analysis on Feedback Interconnections of Cascaded DC-DC Converter Systems," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2015, Montreal,Quebec, Canada, Sept 2015, pp. 5160-5166

[C127] T. Liu, H. Wang, W. Liu, Y.F. Liu, L. Wang, D.Hamid, D.Malcolm, "A Novel Asymmetrical Three-Level BUCK (ATL BUCK) Converter for Point-of-Load (POL) Application," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2015, Montreal,Quebec, Canada, Sept 2015, pp. 5096-5101

[C126] H. Wang, Y. Chen, Y.F. Liu, J. Afshanrian, Z. Yang, "A Common Inductor Multi-Phase LLC Resonant Converter,"  in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2015, Montreal,Quebec, Canada, Sept 2015, pp. 548-555

[C125] H. Wang, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "A Neutral Point Clamped Multilevel Topology Flow Graph and Space NPC Multilevel Topology," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2015, Montreal,Quebec, Canada, Sept 2015, pp. 3615-3621

[C124] L. Jia, Y.F. Liu and D. Fang, "High Power Factor Single Stage Flyback Converter for Dimmable LED Driver," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2015, Montreal,Quebec, Canada, Sept 2015, pp. 3231-3238

[C123] H. Wang, X. Pei, Y. Chen, Y. Kang and Y. F. Liu, "Short-Circuit Fault Protection Strategy of Parallel Three-phase Inverters," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2015, Montreal,Quebec, Canada, Sept 2015, pp. 1736-1742

[C122] Y. Chen, H. Wang, Z. Hu, Y.F. Liu, J. Afsharian, Z. Yang, "LCLC Resonant Converter For Hold Up Mode Operation," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2015, Montreal,Quebec, Canada, Sept 2015, pp. 556-562

[C121] H. Wang, Y. Chen, Y.F. Liu, J. Afsharian, Z. Yang, "A New LLC Converter Family with Synchronous Rectifier to Increase Voltage Gain for Hold-up Application," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2015, Montreal,Quebec, Canada, Sept 2015, pp. 5447-5453

[C120] B. White, Y. F. Liu, and X. Liu, "A control technology to achieve a low cost flicker-free single stage LED driver with power factor correction," in IEEE 16th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL) 2015, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, July 2015, pp. 1-6

[C119] Z. X. Chen, J. Wang, L. S. Ge, T. Jiang, Y. Liu, and Y. F. Liu, "Double integral sliding mode control of paralleled dc/dc converters," in IEEE 10th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA) 2015, Auckland, New Zealand, June 2015, pp. 1134-1138.

[C118] Z. x. Chen, T. Jiang, L. s. Ge, J. Wang, Y. Liu, and Y. f. Liu, "Research on delay-dependent stability of parallel DC-DC converter system based on a Wireless communication," in IEEE 10th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA) 2015, Auckland, New Zealand, June 2015, pp. 749-752.

[C117] J. Lin, Y. Zhou, Z. Zhang, X. Ruan, and Y. F. Liu, "Analysis and design of a 30 MHz resonant SEPIC converter," in IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2015,Charlotte, NC, USA. March 2015, pp. 455-460.

[C116] H. D. Gui, Y. Zhang, Z. Zhang, and Y. F. Liu, "An optimized efficiency-based control strategy for islanded paralleled PV micro-converters," in IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2015, Charlotte, NC, USA. March 2015, pp. 229-234.

[C115] Z. Dong, Z. Zhang, X. Ren, X. Ruan, and Y. F. Liu, "A gate drive circuit with mid-level voltage for GaN transistors in a 7-MHz isolated resonant converter," in IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2015, Charlotte, NC, USA. March 2015, pp. 731-736.

[C114] Y. Y. Cai, Z. Zhang, Y. Zhang, and Y. F. Liu, "A self-reconfiguration control regarding recovery effect to improve the discharge efficiency in the distributed battery energy storage system," in IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2015, Charlotte, NC, USA. March 2015,pp. 1774-1778.

[C113] P. Fang, Z. Hu, Y.F. Liu, "An Energy Channeling LED Driver Technology to Achieve Flicker-free Operation with True Single Stage Power Factor Correction," in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2015, Charlotte, NC, USA. March 2015, pp. 3353-3358

[C112] Y. Qiu, L. Wang, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "A novel Bipolar Series Ripple Compensation Method for Single-Stage High-Power Led Driver," in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2015, Charlotte, NC, USA. March 2015, pp. 861-868

[C111] H. Wang, S. Burton, Y.F. Liu, P.C. Sen and J.M. Guerrero, "A Systematic Method to Synthesize New Transformerless Full-bridge Grid-tied Inverters," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2014, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, June 2014, pp. 2760-2766

[C110] Y. Qiu, H. Wang, L. Wang, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "Electrolytic-Capacitor-Less High-Power LED Driver," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2014, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, June 2014, pp. 3612-3619

[C109] L. Wang, Z. Hu, Y. Qiu, H. Wang and Y.F. Liu, "A New Model for Designing Multi-hole Multipermeability Nonlinear LTCC Inductors," in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2014, Fort Worth, Texas, USA, 2014, pp. 757-762

[C108] P. Fang and Y.F. Liu, "An Electrolytic Capacitor-Free Single Stage BuckBoost LED Driver and its Integrated Solution," in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2014, Fort Worth, Texas, USA, 2014, pp. 1394-1401

[C107] P. Fang and Y.F. Liu, "Single Stage Primary Side Controlled Offline Flyback LED Driver with Ripple Cancellation," in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2014, Fort Worth, Texas, USA, 2014, pp. 3323-3328

[C106] P. Fang and Y.F. Liu, "A Innovative Current Sensor-less Continuous Conduction Mode PFC Control," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2013, Denver, Colorado, USA, September 2013, pp. 2155-2161

[C105] P. Fang, B. White, C. Fiorentino and Y.F. Liu, "Zero Ripple Single Stage AC-DC LED Driver with Unity Power Factor," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2013, Denver, Colorado, USA, September 2013, pp. 3452-3458

[C104] Z. Hu, , L. Wang, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "Bang-Bang Charge Control for LLC Resonant Converters,"in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2013, Denver, Colorado, USA, September 2013, pp.140-146

[C103] Z. Hu, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "Cycle-by-Cycle Average Input Current Sensing Method for LLC Resonant Topologies," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2013, Denver, Colorado, USA, September 2013, pp. 167-174

[C102] M. Shepertycky, J.T. Zhang, Y.F. Liu and Q. Li, "Development of an Energy Harvesting Backpack and Performance Evaluation," in IEEE International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR) 2013, Seattle, Washington, USA, June 2013

[C101] C. Fiorentino, Z. Hu and Y.F. Liu, "Improving the Light Load Efficiency and THD of PFC Converters using a Line Cycle Skipping Method," in IEEE Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL) 2013, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, June 2013

[C100] Z. Hu, Y. Qiu and Y.F. Liu, "Digital Implementation of Load Sharing Method for Interleaved LLC Converters," in IEEE Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL) 2013, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, June 2013

[C99] C. Fiorentino, Z. Hu and Y.F. Liu, "A Line Cycle Skipping Method to Improve the Light Load Efficiency and THD of PFC Converters" in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2013, Long Beach, California, USA, 2013, pp. 368-373

[C98] Z. Hu, Y. Qiu, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "An Interleaving and Load Sharing Method for Multiphase LLC Converters" in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2013, Long Beach, California, USA, 2013, pp. 1421-1428

[C97] Y. Zhang, X.F. He, Z. Zhang and Y.F. Liu, "A Hybrid Control Method for Photovoltaic Grid-Connected Interleaved Flyback Micro-Inverter to Achieve High Efficiency in Wide Load Range," in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2013, Long Beach, California, USA, 2013, pp. 751-756

[C96] Z. Zhang, F.F. Li, F. Zhang and Y.F. Liu, "A Dual-Channel Isolated Resonant Gate Driver for Low Gate Drive Loss in ZVS Full-Bridge Converters," in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2013, Long Beach, California, USA, 2013, pp. 31-37

[C95] L. Wang, Z. Hu, Y.F. Liu, Y. Pei and X. Yang, "Design of Multi-permeability Distributed Air-gap Inductors" in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2012, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA, 2012 pp. 3285-3292

[C94] Z. Hu, Y.J. Qiu, L. Wang and Y.F. Liu, "An Interleaved LLC Resonant Converter Operating at Constant Switching Frequency" in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2012, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA, , 2012 pp. 3541-3548

[C93] Z. Zhang, X.F. He, X. Ren and Y.F. Liu, "Multi-Mode Control for Photovoltaic Grid-connected Interleaved Flyback Micro-inverters to Achieve High Efficiency in Wide Load Range" in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2012, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA, 2012 pp. 2433-2438

[C92] Z. Zhang, P. Xu, X. Ren, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "Optimization and Comparison of Continuous and Discontinuous Current Source Drivers for MHz Boost PFC Converters" in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2012, Orlando, Florida, USA, 2012, pp. 1165-1171

[C91] L. Wang, Y. Pei, X. Yang, Z. Wang and Y.F. Liu, "A Horizontal-winding Multi-permeability Distributed Air-gap Inductor" in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)2012, Orlando, Florida, USA, 2012, pp. 994-1001

[C90] Z. Zhang, P. Xu, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "Adaptive Current Source Drivers for Efficiency Optimization of High Frequency Synchronous Buck Converters," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2011, Phoenix, Arizona, USA, 2011, pp. 1181 - 1187

[C89] P. Xu, Z. Zhang, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "MHz Power Factor Correction with Adaptive Current Source Drivers," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2011, Phoenix, Arizona, USA, 2011, pp. 2338 - 2344

[C88] P. Xu, Z. Zhang, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "Adaptive Discontinuous Current Source Driver to Achieve Switching Loss Reduction for MHz PFC Boost Converters," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2011, Phoenix, Arizona, USA, 2011, pp. 1346-1352

[C87] L. Jia, Z. Hu, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "A Practical Control Strategy to Improve Unloading Transient Response Performance for Buck Converters," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2011, Phoenix, Arizona, USA, 2011, pp. 397-404

[C86] Z. Zhang, P. Xu,Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "Adaptive Current Source Drivers for MHz Power Factor Correction," in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2011, Fort Worth, Texas, USA, 2011, pp. 1456-1463

[C85] L. Jia, D. Wang, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "A Novel Analog Implementation of Capacitor Charge Balance Controller with a Practical Extreme Voltage Detector," in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2011, Fort Worth, Texas, USA, 2011, pp. 245-252

[C84] D. Wang, L. Jia, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "An Improved Driving Method for Synchronous Rectifier using Drain-Source Voltage Sensing," in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2011, Fort Worth, Texas, USA, 2011, pp. 1433-1438

[C83] Z. Hu, Y.F. Liu and T.H. Yeap, "High-Accuracy Digital controlled isolated power supply with low data transfer requirements," in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2011, Fort Worth, Texas, USA, 2011, pp. 338-345

[C82] Z. Zhang, J. Fu, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "Comparison of Continuous and Discontinuous Current Source Drivers for High Frequency Applications," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2010, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, pp. 2434-2440

[C81] Z. Hu, T.H. Yeap and Y.F. Liu, "Multi-Resolution Feedback to Minimize Communication Data and Improve Output Accuracy," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo.(ECCE) 2010, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, pp. 787-795

[C80] Z. Hu, Y.F. Liu and T.H. Yeap, "An Efficient Communication Protocol for Single- and Multi-Module Isolated Digital Power Supplies Using a Single Pulse-Transformer," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2010, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, pp. 1997-2003

[C79] L. Jia , D. Wang, E. Meyer, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "A Novel Parameter-Independent Digital Optimal Control Algorithm for Dc-Dc Buck Converters Based on Parabolic Curve Fitting," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2010, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, pp. 500-507

[C78] L. Jia , D. Wang, J. Fu, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "A Novel Digital Capacitor Charge Balance Control Algorithm with a Practical Extreme Voltage Detector," in The IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2010, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, pp. 514-521

[C77] D. Wang, L. Jia , J. Fu, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "A New Driving Method for Synchronous Rectifiers of LLC Resonant Converter with Zero-crossing Noise Filter," in The IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2010, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. pp. 249-255

[C76] J. Fu, Z. Zhang, L. Jia , Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "A New Inductorless Bipolar Gate Driver for Control FET of High Frequency Buck Converters," in the IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE) 2010, Atlanta, Georgia, USA . pp. 2422-2429

[C75] Y.F. Liu and L. Jia "Performance Enhancement with Digital Control Technologies for DC/DC Switching Converters," in 12th IEEE Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL 2010), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA. pp.1-8

[C74] E. Meyer, D. Wang, L. Jia and YF. Liu, "Digital Charge Balance Controller with an Auxiliary Circuit for Superior Unloading Transient Performance of Buck Converters," in IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), Palm Springs, California, February 2010, pp. 124-131.

[C73] Z. Zhang, J. Fu, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "Switching Loss Analysis Considering Parasitic Loop Inductance with Current Source Drivers for Buck Converters", in IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2010, Palm Springs, California, February 2010, pp. 1482-1486.

[C72] J. Fu, Z. Zhang, A. Dickson, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "Accurate Switching Loss Model and Optimal Design of A Current Source Driver Considering the Current Diversion Problem", in IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) 2010, Palm Springs, California, February 2010, pp. 702-709.

[C71] E. Meyer, Z. Zhang, Y.F. Liu, "Digital Charge Balance Controller with Low Gate Count to Improve the Transient Response of Buck Converters", IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), San Jose, California, September 2009, pp. 3320-3327.

[C70] Z. Zhang, E. Meyer, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "A Non-Isolated ZVS Self-Driven Current Tripler Topology for Low Voltage and High Current Applications", IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), San Jose, California, September 2009, pp. 1983-1990.

[C69] Z. Zhang, J. Fu, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, " A New Discontinuous Current Source Driver for High Frequency Power MOSFETs", IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), San Jose, California, September 2009, pp. 1655-1662.

[C68] J. Fu, Z. Zhang, W. Eberle, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "A High Efficiency Current Source Driver with Negative Gate Voltage for Buck Voltage Regulators", IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), San Jose, California, September 2009, pp. 1663-1670

[C67] E. Meyer, Z. Zhang, Y.F. Liu, "Controlled Auxiliary Circuit with Measured Response for Reduction of Output Voltage Overshoot in Buck Converters", IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC), Washington, DC, February 2009, pp. 1367-1373.

[C66] Z. Zhang, E. Meyer, Y.F. Liu, P.C. Sen, "A New ZVS Non-Isolated Full-Bridge Voltage Regulator Module with Gate Energy Recovery", IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC), Washington, DC, February 2009, pp. 1469-1475.

[C65] E. Meyer, Z. Zhang and Y.F. Liu, "Controlled Current Source Circuit (CCSC) for Reduction of Output Voltage Overshoot in Buck Converters", IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC), Rhodes, Greece, June 2008, pp. 815-820.

[C64] W. Eberle, Z. Zhang, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "A Simple Switching Loss Model for High Switching Frequency Voltage Regulators with Current Source Gate Drive," IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC), Rhodes, Greece, June 2008, pp. 3780-3786.

[C63] Z. Zhang, W. Eberle, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "A Novel Non-Isolated ZVS Asymmetrical Buck Converter for 12V VRs," IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC), Rhodes, Greece, June 2008, pp. 974-978.

[C62] Z. Zhang,W. Eberle, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "A New Hybrid Gate Drive Scheme for Buck Voltage Regulators," IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC), Rhodes, Greece, June 2008, pp. 2498-2504.

[C61] E. Meyer and Y.F. Liu, "A Practical Minimum Time Control Method for Buck Converters Based on Capacitor Charge Balance", IEEE Applied Power Electronics (APEC), Austin, Texas, USA, February 2008, pp. 10-16.

[C60] S. Ye, E. Meyer and Y.F. Liu, "A Novel Non-Isolated Two-Phase Full Bridge Topology for VRM Applications", IEEE Applied Power Electronics (APEC), Austin, USA, February 2008, pp. 24-30.

[C59] S. Ye, E. Meyer and Y.F. Liu, "A Novel Isolated Two-Phase Full Bridge Topology for VRM Applications", IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC), Austin, Texas, USA, February 2008, pp. 353-359.

[C58] W. Eberle, Z. Zhang, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "A Simple Switching Loss Model for High Switching Frequency DC-DC Converters," IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC), Austin, Texas, USA, February 2008, pp. 36-42.

[C57] Z. Zhang, W. Eberle, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "A New Current-Source Gate Driver for a Buck Voltage Regulator," IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC), Austin, Texas, USA, February 2008, pp. 1433-1439

[C56] W. Eberle, Z. Zhang, Y.F. Liu, and P.C. Sen "A High Efficiency Synchronous Buck VRM with Current Source Gate Driver," IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC), 2007, Orlando, FL, USA, pp. 21-27. 

[C55] E. Meyer and Y.F. Liu, "A Quick Capacitor Charge Balance Control Method to Achieve Optimal Dynamic Response for Buck Converters," IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC), 2007, Orlando, USA, pp. 1549-1555.

[C54] Z. Zhang, W. Eberle, Z. Yang, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "Optimal Design of Current Source Gate Driver for a Buck Voltage Regulator Based on a New Analytical Loss Model," IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC), 2007, Orlando, USA, pp. 1556-1562.

[C53] A. Elnady, A. Noureldin and Y.F. Liu, "Implementation of the Wiener Filter for Extracting Power Quality Disturbances" IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC), 2007, Orlando, Florida, USA, pp. 1116-1120

[C52] E. Meyer, G. Feng and Y.F. Liu, "Novel Digital Controller Improves Dynamic Response and Simplifies Design Process of Voltage Regulator Module" IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC), 2007, Anaheim, California, USA, pp. 1447-1453.

[C51] S. Ye, W. Eberle and Y.F. Liu, " A Novel Non-Isolated Full Bridge Topology for VRM Applications," IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC), 2007, Anaheim, California, USA, pp. 134-140.

[C50] W. Eberle, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "A Resonant Gate Drive Circuit with Reduced MOSFET Switching and Gate Losses", IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Conference (IECON), 2006, Paris, France, pp. 1745-1750

[C49] K.Xu, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, " A New Resonang Gate Drive Circuit Utilizing Leakage Inductance of Transformer", IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Conference (IECON), 2006, Paris, France, pp. 1933-1937

[C48] G. Feng, E. Meyer and Y.F. Liu, "High Performance Digital Control Algorithms For DC-DC Converters Based on the Principle of Capacitor Charge Balance", IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC), 2006, Jeju, South Korea, pp. 1740-1746

[C47] Z. Zhang, Z. Yang, S. Ye and Y.F. Liu, "Topology and Analysis of a New Resonant Gate Driver", IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC), 2006, Jeju, South Korea, pp. 1453-1459

[C46] W. Eberle, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "A Simple Large Signal Model for Isolated DC-DC Converters", IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE), Ottawa, Canada, May 2006, pp. 1267-1270 

[C45] W. Eberle, P.C. Sen and Y.F. Liu, "A Novel High Performance Resonant Gate Drive Circuit with Low Circulating Current", IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC), 2006, Dallas, Texas, USA, pp. 324-330

[C44] Z. Yang, S. Ye and Y.F. Liu, "A New Resonant Gate Drive Circuit for Synchronous Buck Converter", IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC), 2006, Dallas, Texas, USA, pp. 52-58

[C43] Z. Yang, S. Ye and Y.F. Liu, "A New Dual Channel Resonant Gate Drive Circuit for Synchronous Rectifiers", IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC), 2006, Dallas, Texas, USA, pp. 756-762

[C42] G. Feng, W. Eberle and Y.F. Liu, "A Digital Control Algorithm for DC-DC Converters Under Input Voltage Changes", IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC), 2006, Dallas, Texas, USA, pp. 1430-1436 

[C41] W. Eberle, P.C. Sen and Y.F. Liu, "A New Resonant Gate Drive Circuit with Efficient Energy Recovery and Low Conduction Loss", IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Conference (IECON), 2005, pp. 650-655

[C40] K. Xu, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, " A New Resonant Gate Drive Circuit with Centre-Tapped Transformer", IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Conference (IECON), 2005, pp. 639-644

[C39] A. Perry, G. Feng, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "A New Analysis and Design Method for Fuzzy Logic Controllers Used in Power Converters", IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Conference (IECON), 2005, pp. 1006-1011

[C38] Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, Invited Paper, "Digital Control of Switching Power Converters", International Conference on Control Applications (ICC), 2005, pp. 635-640

[C37] Z. Yang, S. Ye and Y.F. Liu, "A New Transformer-Based Non-Isolated topology Optimized for VRM Application", IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC), 2005, pp. 447-453

[C36] S. Ye, W. Eberle, Z. Yang and Y. F. Liu, " A New Non-Isolated Full Bridge Topology for Low Voltage High Current VRM Applications", IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC), 2005, pp. 389-395

[C35] G. Feng, W. Eberle and Y. F. Liu, "A New Digital Control Algorithm to Achieve Optimal Dynamic Performance in DC-to-DC Converters", IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC), 2005, pp. 2744-2749

[C34] W. Zhang, G. Feng, Y.F. Liu and B. Wu, "A New Duty Cycle Parallel Control Method and FPGA Implementation for AC-DC Converters with Power Factor Correction (PFC)", IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC), 2005, pp. 805-810

[C33] Z. Yang, S. Ye and Y.F. Liu, " A Novel Non-Isolated Half Bridge DC-DC Converter", IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC), 2005, pp. 301-307

[C32] Y.W. Lu and Y.F. Liu, "A Large-Signal Dynamic Model for Single-Phase AC-DC Converter with Power Factor Correction", IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC), 2004, pp. 1057-1063

[C31] Y. Han and Y.F. Liu, "New Measurement Methods to Characterize Transformer Core Loss and Copper Loss in High-Frequency Switching Mode Power Supply", IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC), 2004, pp. 1695-1701

[C30] W. Zhang, G. Feng, Y.F. Liu, and B. Wu, " A Direct Duty Cycle Calculation Algorithm for Digital Power Factor Correction (PFC) Implementation", IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC), 2004, pp. 2326-2332

[C29] A. Perry, G. Feng, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "A New Sliding Mode-Like Control Method for Buck Converter", IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC), 2004, pp. 3688-3693

[C28] A. Perry, G. Feng, Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "A New Design Method for PI-like Fuzzy Logic Controllers Applied to DC-to-DC Converter", IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC), 2004, pp. 3751-3757

[C27] G. Feng, W. Zhang and Y.F. Liu, " A New Current Feedback Fuzzy Logic Controller with Extended State Observer for DC-to-DC Converters", IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC), 2004, pp. 1771-1777

[C26] W. Zhang, G. Feng, Y.F. Liu and B. Wu, "DSP Implementation of Predictive Control Strategy for Power Factor Correction (PFC)", IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC), 2004, pp. 67-73

[C25] W. Eberle, Y. Han, Y.F. Liu and S. Ye, "An Overall Study of the Asymmetrical Half-Bridge with Unbalanced Turns and Current Mode Control", IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC), 2004, pp. 1083-1089

[C24] Y.W. Lu, G. Feng and Y.F. Liu, " A Large Signal Dynamic Model for DC-to-DC Converters with Average Current Control", IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC), 2004, pp. 797-803

[C23] W. Zhang, G. Feng, Y.F. Liu and B. Wu, "Analysis and Implementation of a New PFC Digital Control Method", IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC), 2003, pp. 335-340

[C22] S. Ye and Y.F. Liu, "EMI Filter Design Method for Communication Power Sub-System", IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC), 2003, 2003, pp. 483-489

[C21] G. Feng, W. Zhang and Y.F. Liu, " An Adaptive Current Mode Fuzzy Logic Controller for DC-to-DC Converters", IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC) 2003, pp. 983-989

[C20] W. Zhang, G. Feng, Y.F. Liu and B. Wu, "A New Predictive Control Strategy for Power Factor Correction", IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC), 2003, pp. 403-409

[C19] G. Feng, W. Zhang and Y.F. Liu, "A New Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Control Method for DC-to-DC Converter", IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Conference (IECON), 2002, pp. 1208-1213

[C18] W. Zhang, G. Feng, Y.F. Liu and Bin Wu, " A New Power Factor Correction (PFC) Control Method Suitable for Low Cost DSP", IEEE International Telecommunications Energy Conference (INTELEC), 2002, pp. 407-414

[C17] W. Eberle and Y.F. Liu, "A Zero Voltage Switching Asymmetrical Half-Bridge DC/DC Converter With Unbalanced Secondary Windings For Improved Bandwidth", IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC), 2002, pp. 1829-1834

[C16] G. Feng, Y.F. Liu and L. Huang, "A New Robust Controller to Improve the Dynamic Performance of Induction Motors", IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC), 2001, pp. 778 -783

[C15] G. Feng and Y.F. Liu, " An Improved Nonlinear Control Strategy for Induction Motor Drive", IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE), 2001, pp. 7-12

[C14] Y. Zhang, P.C. Sen and Y.F. Liu, "A Novel Zero Voltage Switched (ZVS) Buck Converter Using Coupled Inductor", IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE), 2001, pp. 357-362

[C13] Y.F. Liu and P. Jain, "A New Current Sensing Scheme for Zero-Voltage Switching Phase-Shift Bridge Converter", IEEE International Telecommunications Energy Conference (INTELEC), 2000, pp. 567-573

[C12] Y. Xi, P. Jain and Y.F. Liu, " A Precisely Regulated Multiple Output Forward Converter Topology", IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC), 2000, pp. 986-992

[C11] Y. Xi, P. Jain, Y.F. Liu and R. Orr, "A Zero Voltage Switching and Self-Reset Forward Converter Topology", IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC), 1999, pp. 827-833

[C10] S. Mangat, Y. Xi, P. Jain and Y.F. Liu, "A Modified Asymmetrical Pulse-Width-Modulated Resonant DC/DC Converter Topology", IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC), 1998, pp. 662-668

[C9] Y. Xi, P. Jain, G. Joos and Y.F. Liu, " An Improved Zero Voltage Switching Flyback Converter Topology", IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC), 1998, pp. 923-929

[C8] G. Moschopoulos, P. Jain, G. Joos and Y.F. Liu, "A Single Stage Vero Voltage Switched PWM Full-Bridge Converter with Power Factor Correction", IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC), 1997, pp. 457-463

[C7] G. Moschopoulos, P. Jain, G. Joos and Y.F. Liu, "A Zero-Voltage Switched PWM Boost Converter with an Energy Feedforward Auxiliary Circuit", IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC), 1996, pp. 76-82

[C6] Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, " A General Unified Large Signal Model for Current Programmed DC-To-DC Converter", IEEE Industry Application Society Conference, 1994, pp. 1106-1112

[C5] Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "New Class-E DC-to-DC Converter Topologies with Constant Switching Frequency", IEEE Industry Application Society Conference, 1993, pp. 1090-1097

[C4] Y.F. Liu and P.C. Sen, "Source Reactance Lossless Switch (SRLS) for Soft Switching Converters with Constant Switching Frequency", IEEE Industry Application Society Conference, 1992, pp. 710-719

[C3] Y.F. Liu, P.C. Sen and S. Huang, " Function Control - A novel Strategy to Achieve Improved Performance of the DC-to-DC Switching Regulators", IEEE Industry Application Society Conference, 1991, pp. 971-976

[C2] H. Qu, Y.F. Liu and S. Huang, "Sliding-Mode Controlled Cuk Switching Regulator with Fast Response and First Order Dynamic Characteristic", IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Confer­ence (PESC), 1989, pp. 124-129

[C1] Y.F. Liu and S. Huang, "Function Control and its Application in DC-DC Switching Regulator", IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC), 1988, pp. 377-383

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Patents

[P70] Y. F. Liu, Y. Chen, B. He, W. Liu, B. Sheng, "Methods and Circuits for Sensing Isolated Power Converter Output Voltage Across the Isolation Barrier", US Patent, patent number 11,711,023 B2, Jul. 25, 2023

[P69] Y. F. Liu, Y. Chen, W. Liu, "Power Cycle Modulation Control for Power Converters", US Patent, patent number 11,611,228 B2, Mar. 21, 2023

[P68] M. Forouzesh, X. Zhou and Y. F. Liu, "Three-phase single-stage soft-switching AC-DC converter with power factor correction", US Patent, patent number 11,451,139 B2, Sept. 20, 2022

[P67] Y. Chen and Y. F. Liu, "Resonant Power Converters and Control Methods for Wide Input and Output Voltage Ranges", US Patent, patent number 11,394,307 B2, Jul. 19, 2022

[P66] Y. Chen and Y. F. Liu, "High Voltage Start-Up Circuit For Switching Power Supplies", US Patent, patent number 11,349,385 B2, May 31, 2022

[P65] Y. Chen and Y. F. Liu, "Circuits and Methods Using Power Supply Output Voltage To Power A Primary Side Auxiliary Circuit", US Patent, patent number 11,108,330 B2, Aug. 31, 2021

[P64] Z. Li, Y. Fu and Y. F. Liu, "Packaging For Lateral High Voltage GaN Power Devices", US Patent, patent number 11,107,755 B2, Aug. 31, 2021

[P63] Y. Chen, H. Wang, Y. F. Liu, J. Afsharian and B. Gong, "Simplified Hybrid PWM/PFM Control Method For sLLC Converter", US Patent, patent number 11,063,520 B2, Jul. 13, 2021

[P62] S. D. Webb and Y. F. Liu, "Zero Inductor Voltage Converter Topology with Improved Switch Utilization", US Patent, patent number 11,043,899 B2, Jun. 22, 2021

[P61] H. Wang, Y. Chen and Y. F. Liu, "Power Converter Topologies and Control Methods for Wide Input and Output Voltage Ranges", US Patent, patent number 10,944,329 B2, Mar. 9, 2021

[P60] Y. Chen, H. Wang, Y. F. Liu, J. Afsharian and B. Gong, "120-Hz Ripple Reduction with PIR Controller for LLC Converter", US Patent, patent number 10,944,317 B2, Mar. 9, 2021

[P59] Z. Li, Y. F. Liu, W. Fu and W. T. Ng, "Vertical-side Solder Method and Package for Power GaN Devices", US Patent, patent number 10,939,553 B2, Mar. 2, 2021

[P58] Z. Li, G. Luo, Y. Fu, W. T. Ng and Y. F. Liu, "Defect-Tolerant Layout and Package for GaN Devices", US Patent, patent number 10,892,254 B2, Jan. 12, 2021

[P57] Z. Li, Y. F. Liu, W. Fu and W. T. Ng, "High-Side Gate Driver For Gallium Nitride Integrated Circuits", US Patent, patent number 10,855,273 B2, Dec. 1, 2020

[P56] Z. Li, Y. Fu and Y. F. Liu, "Gate Drivers and Voltage Regulators for Gallium Nitride Devices and Integrated Circuits", US Patent, patent number 10,686,436 B2, Jun. 16, 2020

[P55] Z. Li, Y. Fu and Y. F. Liu, "Gate Drivers and Voltage Regulators for Gallium Nitride Devices and Integrated Circuits", US Patent, patent number 10,686,411 B2, Jun. 16, 2020

[P54] H. Wang, Y. Chen, Y. F. Liu, J. Afsharian and B. Gong, "Converters with Hold-Up Operation", US Patent, patent number 10,637,363 B2, Apr. 28, 2020

[P53] Y. Chen and Y. F. Liu, "Line Power Extension for Capacitor Size Reduction in AC-DC Converters", US Patent, patent number 10,630,197 B2, Apr. 21, 2020

[P52] Z. Li, Y. Fu, W. T. Ng and Y. F. Liu, "High Power Gallium Nitride Devices and Structures", US Patent, patent number 10,615,094 B2, Mar. 10, 2020

[P51] T. Liu and Y. F. Liu, "Two-Phase Three-Level Converter and Controller Therefor", US Patent, patent number 10,498,236 B2, Dec. 3, 2019

[P50] H. Wang, Y. Chen, Y. F. Liu, J. Afsharian, Z. Yang and B. Gong, "Modular Parallel Technique for Resonant Converter", US Patent, patent number 10,491,123 B2, Nov. 26, 2019

[P49] Y. F. Liu and Z. Hu, "Interleaved Resonant Converter", US Patent, patent number 10,476,397 B2, Nov. 12, 2019

[P48] T. Liu, Y. F. Liu, "Multi-Stage Multilevel DC-DC Step-Down Converter", US Patent, patent number 10,468,965 B2 Nov. 5, 2019

[P47] H. Wang and Y. F. Liu, "Single-Phase Five-Level Active Clamping Converter Unit And Converter", US Patent, patent number 10,447,173 B2, Oct. 15, 2019

[P46] H. Mao, Y. F. Liu and R. Wu, "High Efficiency Power Regulator And Method", US Patent, patent number 10,411,596 B2, Sep 10, 2019

[P45] H. Wang and Y. F. Liu, "Single-Phase Four-Level Inverter Circuit Topology And Three-Phase Four-Level Inverter Circuit Topology", US Patent, patent number 10,389,271 B2, Aug 20, 2019

[P44] Z. Li, W. Tung Ng and Y. F. Liu, "Power Electronic And Optoelectronic Device With Interdigitated Electrodes", US Patent, patent number 10,388,743 B2, Aug 20, 2019

[P43] H. Wang and Y. F. Liu, "Five-Level Half Bridge Inverter Topology With High Voltage Utilization Ratio", US Patent, patent number 10,312,825 B2, Jun 4, 2019

[P42] H. Wang and Y. F. Liu, "Half Bridge Inverter Units And Inverter Thereof", US Patent, patent number 10,277,146 B2, Apr 30, 2019

[P41] Y. Qiu and Y. F. Liu, "Current Ripple Sensing Controller For A Signle-Stage LED Driver", US Patent, patent number 10,256,712 B2, Apr 9, 2019

[P40] H. Wang and Y. F. Liu, "Five-Level Inverter Topology With High Voltage Utilization Ratio", US Patent, patent number 10,250,159 B2, Apr 2, 2019

[P39] Y. Qiu and Y. F. Liu, "High-Power Single-Stage LED Driver with Bipolar Ripple Cancellation", US Patent, patent number 10,243,478 B2, Mar 26, 2019

[P38] Y. Chen, H. Wang, Y. F. Liu, Z. Li and Y. Fu, "Hybrid Full Bridge-Voltage Doubler Rectifier and Single Stage LLC Converter Thereof", US Patent, patent number 10,135,359 B2, Nov 20, 2018
[P37] Y. Chen, H. Wang, Y. F. Liu, Z. Li and Y. Fu, "Hybrid Full Bridge-Voltage Doubler Rectifier and Single Stage LLC Converter Thereof", US Patent, patent number 10,116,233 B2, Oct 30, 2018

[P36] Y. F. Liu, S. Claydon, C. F. Kiemel and C. M. Giovaniello, "Auxilary Circuit for Micro-Electromechanical System Relay Circuit", US Patent, patent number 10,083,811 B2, Sept 25, 2018

[P35] Z. Wu, D. Douglas and Y. F. Liu, "Power Supply Module", US Patent, patent number 10,080,297 B2, Sept 18, 2018

[P34] Y. F. Liu, G. Claydon, C. F. Kiemel and C. M. Glovanniello, "Micro-Electromechanical System Relay Circuit", US Patent, patent number 10,068,733 B2, Sept 4, 2018

[P33] Y. F. Liu, "Ripple Cancellation Converter with High Power Factor", US Patent, patent number 10,015,849 B2, July 3, 2018

[P32] P. Fang and Y. F. Liu, "Primary Side Controlled LED Driver with Ripple Cancellation", US Patent, patent number 10,015,848 B2, July 3, 2018

[P31] Y. F. Liu, S. Claydon, C. F. Kiemel and C. M. Giovaniello, "Isolated Control Circuit and Driver for Micro-Electromechanical System Switch", US Patent, patent number 9,997,317 B2, June 12, 2018

[P30] H. Wang and Y. F. Liu, "Hybrid Modulation Strategy for Multilevel Inverters", US Patent, patent number 9,973,108 B2, May 15, 2018

[P29] H. Wang and Y. F. Liu, "Five-Level Topology Units and Inverter Thereof ", US Patent, patent number 9,966,875 B2, May 8, 2018

[P28] P. Fang and Y. F. Liu, "Energy Channeling Single Stage Power Converter ", US Patent, patent number 9,917,524 B2, Mar 13, 2018

[P27] H. Zhang, Y. F. Liu and D. Malcolm, "Manufacturing Method for a Power Supply Module ", US Patent, patent number 9,907,184 B2, Feb 27, 2018

[P26] H. Zhang, D. Malcolm and Y. F. Liu, "Coil with Variable Inner Diameters and Electronic Power Module Made from the Coil ", US Patent, patent number 9,773,607 B2, Sep 26, 2017

[P25] Y. F. Liu and Z. Hu, "Interleaved Resonant Converter", US Patent, patent number 9,729,070 B2, Aug 8, 2017

[P24] Y. F. Liu "Ripple Cancellation Converter with High Power Factor", US Patent, patent number 9,419,510 B2, Aug 16, 2016

[P23] M. Shepertycky, Q. Li and Y. F. Liu, "Biomechanical Electrical Power Generation Apparatus" US Patent, patent number 9,407,125 B2, Aug 2, 2016

[P22] H. Miao, Y.F. Liu, R. Hu, "High Efficiency Regulator and Method", US Patent, patent number 9,337,641 B2, May 10, 2016

[P21] H. Miao, Y.F. Liu, "Dual Frequency Control Buck Boost Regulator with a Pass Through Band", US Patent, patent number 9,122,287 B2, Sep 1, 2015

[P20] H. Miao, Y.F. Liu, R. Hu, "High Efficiency Power Regulator and Method", US Patent, patent number 8,717,717 B2, May 6, 2014

[P19] Z. Zhang, Y.F. Liu, "Current Source Gate Driver", US Patent, patent number 8,085,083 B2, Dec. 27, 2011

[P18] Y.F. Liu, E. Meyer, "DC-DC Converter with Improved Dynamic Response", US Patent, patent number 8,054,058 B2, Nov. 8, 2011

[P17] R.K. Orr, Y.F. Liu, "Distributed Power Supply Arrangement", US Patent, patent number 7,936,088 B2, May 3, 2011

[P16] R.K. Orr, Y.F. Liu, "Distributed Power Supply Arrangement", US Patent, patent number 7,622,824 B2, Nov. 24, 2009

[P15] Z. Yang, Y.F. Liu, "Resonant Gate Drive Circuits", US Patent, patent number 7,612,602 B2, Nov. 3, 2009

[P14] Y.F. Liu, Z. Yang, W. Eberle, "Resonant Gate Drive Circuits", US Patent, patent number 7,598,792 B2, Oct. 6, 2009

[P13] W. Zhang, Y.F. Liu, B. Wu, "Parallel Current Mode Control Using a Direct Duty Cycle Algorithm with Low Computational Requirements to Perform Power Factor Correction" US Patent, patent number 7,514,913 B2, Apr. 7, 2009

[P12] Y.F. Liu, K. Xu, "Resonant Gate Drive Circuit with Centre-Tapped Transformer" US Patent, patent number 7,453,292 B2, Nov. 18, 2008

[P11] W. Zhang, Y.F. Liu, B. Wu, "Parallel Current Mode Control Using a Direct Duty Cycle Algorithm with Low Computational Requirements to Perform Power Factor Correction", US Patent, patent number 7,317,625 B2, Jan. 8, 2008

[P10] Y.F. Liu, S. Ye, "Non-Isolated DC-DC Converters with Direct Primary to Load Current", US Patent, patent number 7,307,857 B2, Dec. 11, 2007

[P9] Y.F. Liu, S. Ye, "Non Isolated DC-DC Converters with Direct Primary To Load Current", US Patent, patent number 7,110,265 B2, Sept. 19, 2006

[P8] Y.F. Liu, S. Ye, "Isolated DC-DC Converters", US Patent, patent number 7,079,403 B2, Jul. 18, 2006

[P7] Y.F. Liu, R. Orr, K. Xu, "Apparatus and Method of Controlling Low Frequency Load Currents Drawn From a DC Source in a Telecommunications Systems", US Patent, patent number 6,980,783 B2, Dec. 27, 2005

[P6] R.K. Orr, Y.F. Liu, D.A. Brown, R. Duvnjak, "Signal and Power Transformers Coupling Arrangements", US Patent, patent number 6,911,746 B2, Jun. 28, 2005

[P5] R.K. Orr, Y.F. Liu, R.P. Colbeck, D.A. Brown, H.F. Horwitz, "Power Supply Controller", US Patent, patent number 6,850,048 B2, Feb. 1, 2005

[P4] R.K. Orr, Y.F. Liu, "DC Converters", US Patent, patent number 6,771,518 B2, Aug. 3, 2004

[P3] P.K. Jain, Y.F. Liu, "Topology and Control Method for Power Factor Correction", US Patent, patent number 6,344, 986 B1, Feb. 5, 2002

[P2] P. Jain, Y.F. Liu, S. Mangat, "Asymmetrical Pulse Width Modulated Resonant DC-DC Converter with Compensating Circuitry", US Patent, patent number 6,097,614, Aug. 1, 2000

[P1] P.K. Jain, Y.F. Liu, Y. Xi, "Flyback Converter with Soft Switching using Auxiliary Switch and Resonant Circuit", US Patent, patent number 6,005,782, Dec. 21, 1999